DETERMINAN KEHAMILAN TIDAK DIINGINKAN PADA WANITA MENIKAH DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58185/jkr.v12i2.27Keywords:
Pregnancy, Unintended pregnancy, West JavaAbstract
Abstract
Background: Unintended pregnancy negatively affects the fetal development and adversely impacting mother and child health, therefore requires attentive interest in the course of reducing maternal dan infant mortality.. While effort to improve maternal health continue, unintended pregnancy occurs due to sociodemographic factors such as age, parity, educational level, contraceptive droupout and failure, inadequate pregnancy planning, and financial factor.
Objective: To determine the factors associated with the incidence of unintended pregnancy among married women in West Java.
Method: This study implemented a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2019 program performance and accountability survey (SKAP) KKBPK of West Java Province. The Data were analyzed bivariately with sumple logictic regression an multivariately with multiple logistic regression. If the p-value in the bivariate anlysis, the variables were then included in the multivariate analysis.
Result: There were 19.5% of married women who reported unwanted pregnancies. Based on the bivariate test, variables related to unwanted pregnancy are age (p<0.001), age at first marriage (p<0.001), never used contraception (p<0.05) and having two or more children (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age (p<0.05), never used contraception (p<0.001) and having two or more children (p<0.001) were significantly associated with unwanted pregnancy. Age at first marriage, education, financial and ideal number of children shows no association with unwated pregnancy.
Conclusion: Factors associated with unwanted pregnancy are age, having used contraception and having two or more children. BKKBN needs to improve CIE of the contraceptive use and family planning program for women of childbearing age.
Keywords: Pregnancy, Unintended pregnancy, West Java
Abstrak
Latar belakang: Dikarenakan akibat buruk yang disebabkannya bagi perkembanan janin dan kesehatan ibu, kehamilan tidak diinginkan (KTD) merupakan masalah yang membutuhkan perhatian dalam upaya menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan bayi. Sementara upaya peningkatan kesehatan ibu dan kesetaraan gender dilakukan KTD terjadi dikarenakan faktor sosiodemografi diantaranya umur ibu, jumlah anak, tingkat Pendidikan, putus pakai dan kegagalan kontrasepsi, kurangnya perencanaan kehamilan dan faktor ekonomi.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan KTD di Provinsi Jawa Barat.
Metode: Penelitian ini mengimplementasikan desain potong lintang dengan menggunakan data sekunder Survei Kinerja dan Akuntabilitas Program (SKAP) KKBPK Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2019. Data dianalisis sevara bivariat dengan regresi logistik sederhana dan secara multivariat dengan regresi logistik berganda. Jika p-value <0.05 pada analisis bivariat, variabel akan dimasukkan ke dalam analisis multvariat.
Hasil: Terdapat 19.5% wanita menikah yang melaporkan kehamilan tidak diinginkan. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat, variabel yang berhubungan dengan KTD antara lain umur (p<0.001), umur pertama kali menikah (p<0.001), tidak pernah menggunakan kotrasepsi (p<0.05) dan memiliki dua anak atau lebih (p<0.001). Hasil analisis multvariat menunjukkan bahwa umur (p<0.05), tidak pernah menggunakan kontrasepsi (p<0.001) dan memiliki dua anak atau lebih (p<0.001) berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan. Umur saat pertama kali menikah, Pendidikan, tingkat kekayaan dan jumlah anak ideal tidak menunjukkan signifikansi terhadap KTD.
Kesimpulan: Faktor yang berhubungan dengan KTD adalah umur, penggunaan kontrasepsi dan memiliki dua anak atau lebih. Sosialisasi mengenai pentingnya penggunaan kontrasepsi dan perencanaan kehamilan diperlukan bagi wanita usia subur.
Kata Kunci : Kehamilan; Kehamilan tidak diinginkan; Jawa Barat.
References
United Nation. No Title [Internet]. 2000. Available from: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/Millennium.aspx
Singh S, Darroch JE, Ashford LS, Vlassoff M. Adding it up: The costs and benefits of investing in family planning and maternal and newborn health. New York; 2009.
United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME). Levels & Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2018, Estimates developed by the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. New York; 2018.
WHO. Maternal Mortality [Internet]. [cited 2019 Sep 19]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality
WHO. Sustainable Development Goal 3: Health [Internet]. Sustainable Development Goals. [cited 2020 Jul 4]. Available from: https://www.who.int/topics/sustainable-development-goals/targets/en/
BKKBN. Kamus Istilah Program Keluarga Berencana Nasional. Jakarta: Direktorat Pelayanan Informasi dan Dokumentasi; 2007.
Trussell J, Vaughan B, Stanford J. Are All Contraceptive Failures Unintended Pregnancies? Evidence from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Fam Plann Perspect [Internet]. 1999 Jul 27;31(5):246–60. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2991573
Singh S, Sedgh G, Hussain R. Unintended Pregnancy: Worldwide Levels, Trends, and Outcomes. Stud Fam Plann [Internet]. 2010 Dec 1;41(4):241–50. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2010.00250.x
Bastola K, Neupane S, Hadkhale K, Kinnunen T. Unintended Pregnancy among Married Pregnant Women in Nepal. J Womens Heal Issues Care. 2015 Jan 1;4.
Gipson JD, Koenig MA, Hindin MJ. The effects of unintended pregnancy on infant, child, and parental health: a review of the literature. Stud Fam Plann. 2008;39(1):18–38.
Hajizadeh M, Nghiem S. Does unwanted pregnancy lead to adverse health and healthcare utilization for mother and child? Evidence from low- and middle- income countries. Int J Public Health. 2020;65:457–68.
Hall JA, Benton L, Copas A, Stephenson J. Pregnancy Intention and Pregnancy Outcome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vol. 21, Maternal and Child Health Journal. Springer New York LLC; 2017. p. 670–704.
Santelli JS, Lindberg LD, Orr MG, Finer LB, Speizer I. Toward a Multidimensional Measure of Pregnancy Intentions: Evidence from the United States. Stud Fam Plann [Internet]. 2009 Jul 27;40(2):87–100. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25593945
Rahman M, Nasrin SO, Rahman M, Rahman A, Mostofa G, Jesmin SS, et al. Maternal pregnancy intention and its association with low birthweight and pregnancy complications in Bangladesh: findings from a hospital-based study. Int Health [Internet]. 2019 May 2;11(6):447–54. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz010
Wellings K, Jones KG, Mercer CH, Tanton C, Clifton S, Datta J, et al. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy and associated factors in Britain: Findings from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3). Lancet. 2013;382(9907):1807–16.
Raymo JM, Musick K, Iwasawa M. Gender Equity, Opportunity Costs of Parenthood, and Educational Differences in Unintended First Births: Insights from Japan. Popul Res Policy Rev [Internet]. 2015 Apr 1;34(2):179–99. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25914433
Zulmahira S. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan (KTD) di Indonesia tahun 2012 (Analisis Data SDKI 2012). Universitas Andalas; 2017.
BPS, BKKBN, Kemenkes, ICF International. Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012. Jakarta, Indonesia; 2013.
Andini MA, Mutahar R, Yeni. Trends and Determinants of Unintended Pregnancy Occurrence Among Married Women Aged 15–49 Years in Indonesia. Adv Heal Sci Res. 2020;22:361–7.
Pranata S, Sadewo FS. Kejadian Keguguran, kehamilan tidak direncanakan dan pengguguran di Indonesia. Bul Penelit Sist Kesehat. 2012;15(2):180–92.
Supriyadi, Yanti L. Factors analysis if unwanted pregnancies among women childbearing age in Indonesia: analysis of demographic and health survey data in 2017. MEDISAINS J Ilm Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehat. 2020;18(3):93–8.
Anggraini K, Wratsangka R, Bantas K, Fikawati S. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan di Indonesia. Promot J Kesehat Masy. 2018;8(1):27–37.
BPS. Provinsi Jawa Barat dalam Angka 2019. Bandung; 2019.
Bongaarts J. The Measurement of Wanted Fertility. Popul Dev Rev [Internet]. 1990 Aug 4;16(3):487–506. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1972833
BKKBN, BPS. Survei Kinerja dan Akuntabilitas Program KKBPK (SKAP) Keluarga Tahun 2019. Jakarta; 2019.
Febriana, Sari LK. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kehamilan tidak diinginkan di Indonesia tahun 2017. In: Seminar Nasional Oficial Statistics 2019: Pengembangan official statistics dalam mendukung implementasi SDG’s. 2020. p. 1041–51.
Wasswa R, Kabagenyi A, Atuhaire L. Determinants of unintended pregnancies among currently married women in Uganda. Hournal Heal Polulation Nutr. 2020;39(1).
Finer LB, Lindberg LD, Desai S. A Prospective measure of unintended pregnancy in the United States. Contraception. 2018;98(6):522–7.
BKKBN PJB, Unisba L. Survei Kinerja dan Akuntabilitas Program (SKAP) Tahun 2019 Provinsi Jawa Barat - Keluarga. Bandung; 2020.
Curtis S, Evens E, Sambisa W. Contraceptive discontinuation and unintended pregnancy: An imperfect relationship. Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2011;37(2):58–66.
Jain AK, Winfrey W. Contribution of contraceptive discontinuation to unintended births in 36 developing countries. Stud Fam Plann. 2017;48(3):269–78.
Singh S, Darroch JE. Adding it up: Cost and benefits of contraseptive services - Estimates for 2012 [Internet]. New York; 2012. Available from: http://guttmacher.org/pubs/AIU-2012-estimates.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
